Abstract
Caldwell CRYSTAL‑HX‑1 proposes a replaceable thermogalvanic cassette that couples a stationary, crystallization-assisted electrochemical chamber to independently circulating hot and cold water passages.
The architecture seeks to preserve the internal temperature, concentration, and gravity-dependent transport mechanisms of a published copper-based thermocell while preventing direct contact between its electrolyte and facility coolant.
The research compares a reproduced laboratory reference, a liquid-coupled cassette, an open-circuit cassette, and a conventional heat-transfer reference. It measures actual electrode temperatures, heat duty, pressure loss, sustained electrical output, heat rejection, chemical stability, and complete incremental electrical consumption.
The central hypothesis is that low-loss external fluid distribution and appropriate thermal interfaces can retain enough of the reference cell’s electrical performance to provide a useful benefit in a real heat-transfer installation.
The disclosure does not claim a new thermogalvanic reaction, new crystallization chemistry, guaranteed net generation, operational data-center compatibility, or worldwide novelty.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Recommended Citation
Caldwell, Michael Victor Mr., "CALDWELL CRYSTAL‑HX‑1 Gravity-Preserving Thermogalvanic Cassette for Coupling Low-Temperature Heat Recovery to Existing Liquid-Cooling Systems Open Research Specification for Isolated Coolant Passages, Stationary Electrolyte, and Complete Incremental-Power Verification", Technical Disclosure Commons, (November 02, 2026)
https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/12620