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Abstract

Systems and methods monitor autonomous pricing markets for tacit collusion using externally observable posted prices and market outcomes. Multiple indicators are computed, including a price elevation index with Newey-West HAC uncertainty, Granger causality using vector autoregression with heteroskedasticity-consistent errors, a constrained three-state hidden Markov model producing a collusive-state posterior probability, and conditional mutual information estimated by k-nearest neighbors and normalized against a permutation null. The indicators are combined into a composite collusion score. An encoding regime is inferred from observables including price dimensionality, correlation structure, and within-run dispersion, and regime-specific thresholds are applied for detection. The system may estimate latent collusion potential for aggregated regimes using an empirically measured aggregation-collapse ratio, and may apply interventions that alter information exposure through forced aggregation, noise injection, information randomization, or temporal delay injection.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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