Abstract

What happens when a payment is correctly authenticated but the wrong amount is transferred, the wrong recipient receives the money, or an AI agent makes a payment that was never actually approved?

Modern payment systems increasingly rely on automated software, artificial intelligence (AI) agents, digital wallets, banking APIs, payment processors, cryptographic signing services, and blockchain networks. Existing security technologies, including OAuth 2.0, multi-factor authentication, digital signatures, hardware security modules (HSMs), and transaction monitoring, provide important protections. However, these mechanisms do not necessarily establish that the final transaction being executed still matches the original authorization.

For example, an AI agent may receive approval to purchase a service for $10 but subsequently submit a payment for $100. A correctly signed payment instruction may contain a changed beneficiary, an expired exchange rate, an unauthorized fee, or a different settlement destination. Multiple automated processes may independently initiate transactions that collectively exceed an authorized spending limit. A network timeout may also trigger a duplicate payment even when the first transaction has already been processed.

This technical disclosure describes an execution-time payment authorization, transaction-integrity, and financial-effect verification framework designed to address these risks.

The proposed system maintains a protected record of the original payment authorization, including the approved payer, beneficiary, amount, currency, transaction purpose, spending limits, permitted payment channels, and applicable restrictions. Immediately before a payment instruction becomes effective, a protected verification component independently examines the actual transaction details and compares them against the original authorization and current security policy.

The architecture separates payment approval from payment execution. Proposed transactions remain unable to produce an effective financial operation until the required verification has been completed. The system checks transaction parameters, authorization validity, policy changes, revocation, delegated agent permissions, duplicate requests, spending limits, and concurrent operations. Authorization is restricted to the verified transaction and its permitted execution scope, using protected transaction state and single-use or bounded authorization controls.

Where payment status is uncertain, the system preserves that uncertainty and requires verification rather than automatically initiating another transfer. Payment initiation, cryptographic signing, processing acceptance, clearing, and final settlement are treated as distinct events requiring appropriate evidence.

The framework can be implemented at different points in financial infrastructure, including payment gateways, bank transaction-processing systems, card processors, cryptographic signing services, programmable accounts, secure devices, digital-asset custody platforms, and blockchain settlement interfaces. Protection depends on controlling the actual transaction-execution path; independently usable signing keys or unmediated execution routes remain outside the enforcement guarantee.

The 162-page technical disclosure provides 19 implementation profiles covering AI-agent payments, card authorization and capture, international payments and foreign exchange, tokenized deposits, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), stablecoins, digital-asset custody, cross-chain transfers, merchant QR payments, subscriptions, automated trading, enterprise treasury operations, delegated financial agents, and supplier invoice payments.

Supporting technical material includes 27 diagrams, 114 proposed security test vectors, 54 implementation enforcement points, mathematical safety conditions, detailed transaction workflows, and illustrative reference implementations in Python, Go, and JavaScript. These reference implementations demonstrate selected authorization and transaction-control logic; they are not production-certified payment or cryptographic security systems.

The proposed framework complements existing payment security, cryptographic signing, financial messaging, fraud prevention, and settlement systems. Its principal objective is to establish an additional verification control at the point of transaction execution:

Before money moves, verify that the exact payment is still authorized.

This disclosure is associated with Indian Patent Application No. 202631130246, for which a corresponding international PCT filing is awaiting completion. Earlier, separately identified technical disclosures include the Mothership international application PCT/IB2026/055615 (WO 2026/150382 A2) and other previously filed PCT records concerning the broader execution-finality architecture. The specific filing support, legal relationships, and priority of individual technical features must be determined from the respective as-filed patent records.

The publication is intended to support technical examination, patent prior-art discovery, financial infrastructure security research, architecture comparison, and implementation assessment by payment companies, financial institutions, digital-asset platforms, AI developers, cybersecurity engineers, patent examiners, and intellectual-property professionals.

International Patent Classification (IPC) — Proposed Search Codes

Primary IPC codes:

  • G06Q 20/40 — Payment authorization and verification.

  • G06Q 20/38 — Payment protocols and transaction-processing details.

  • G06Q 20/42 — Payment confirmation and approval.

Additional IPC codes:

  • G06F 21/62 — Protection of access to data through computing platforms.

  • G06F 21/64 — Data-integrity protection.

  • H04L 9/32 — Cryptographic authentication mechanisms.

Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) — Proposed Search Codes

Primary CPC codes:

  • G06Q 20/40 — Payment authorization.

  • G06Q 20/382 — Payment transaction security.

  • G06Q 20/401 — Transaction verification.

  • G06Q 20/405 — Transaction-specific authorization rules and conditions.

  • G06Q 20/3825 — Electronic signatures in payment protocols.

Additional CPC codes:

  • G06Q 20/381 — Currency conversion.

  • G06Q 20/385 — Payment aliases and single-use codes.

  • G06Q 20/3678 — Electronic cash and double-spending controls.

  • G06Q 20/3274 — QR-code-based mobile payments.

  • G06F 21/62 — Protected data access.

  • G06F 21/64 — Data-integrity protection.

  • H04L 9/3247 — Digital-signature authentication mechanisms.

  • H04L 9/3255 — Group-based and threshold signatures.

Classification status: The above classifications are proposed for technical indexing and patent searching. They are not represented as official examiner-assigned classifications for Indian Patent Application No. 202631130246.

Keywords for Patent Search and Technical Discovery

Payment authorization, payment execution security, transaction integrity, real-time payment verification, AI-agent payments, autonomous payments, agentic commerce, digital money, digital banking, payment gateway security, transaction authorization enforcement, banking API security, OAuth 2.0, financial API authorization, cryptographic signing, hardware security modules, HSM transaction controls, payment fraud prevention, transaction replay protection, duplicate payment prevention, concurrent transaction processing, spending limit enforcement, payment idempotency, payment processing, ISO 20022, cross-border payments, foreign exchange settlement, payment-versus-payment, delivery-versus-payment, stablecoin security, central bank digital currency, CBDC offline payments, tokenized deposits, digital-asset custody, cryptocurrency wallet security, blockchain transaction validation, cross-chain settlement, account abstraction, smart-contract authorization, merchant payment authentication, QR code payments, recurring payment authorization, autonomous trading, AI-agent financial permissions, secure payment orchestration, transaction settlement finality, protected execution, execution finality, transaction authorization consistency, execution-time authorization, authorization-to-effect verification, secure transaction release, atomic authorization consumption.

Additional Patent Examiner Search Expressions

"payment authorization" AND "transaction execution"

"transaction integrity" AND "payment processing"

"AI agent" AND "payment authorization"

"cryptographic signature" AND "transaction intent"

"payment gateway" AND "execution-time verification"

"hardware security module" AND "transaction policy"

"payment idempotency" AND "duplicate prevention"

"concurrent payment" AND "spending limit"

"stablecoin" AND "transaction authorization"

"cross-border payment" AND "settlement verification"

"automated financial agent" AND "delegated authority"

"payment instruction" AND "beneficiary verification"

"transaction authorization" AND "cryptographic signing"

"payment processing" AND "atomic state transition"

"payment approval" AND "actual transaction comparison"

"smart contract" AND "execution-time authorization"

"autonomous agent" AND "financial transaction security"

Patent Application and Earlier International Disclosure References

Indian patent application associated with the present disclosure

  • Application No.: 202631130246

  • Jurisdiction: India

  • International PCT filing status: Awaiting filing

  • PCT application number: Not yet available

Principal earlier international patent disclosure — Mothership

  • Title: THE DAS PROTOCOLS

  • International Application No.: PCT/IB2026/055615

  • International Filing Date: 4 June 2026

  • International Publication No.: WO 2026/150382

  • Technical scope: Broad execution-finality architecture, protected authorization, consequential-operation verification, execution-boundary enforcement, and cross-domain technical embodiments.

  • Author-reported technical disclosure: Approximately 8,598 pages.

Additional previously identified PCT technical records

  • PCT/IB2026/055760 — WO 2026/150383 — DAS Protocols Part II.

  • PCT/IB2026/055870 — WO 2026/150384 — DAS Protocols Part III.

  • PCT/IB2026/056058 — WO 2026/154461 — DAS Protocols Part IV.

  • PCT/IB2026/056809 — WO 2026/172334 — Further DAS Protocol technical disclosure.

  • PCT/IB2026/056941 — WO 2026/172336 — DAS Protocols Part VI.

  • PCT/IB2026/057198 — WO 2026/176422 — DAS Protocols Part VII.

These earlier PCT identifiers are supplied for technical-source identification and cross-reference. Their inclusion does not establish that the present Indian application is formally linked to every listed international application, that every disclosed feature enjoys an earlier priority date, or that any patent has been granted.

Technical Publication and Patent Notice

This publication presents technical implementations, proposed verification procedures, test scenarios, and engineering alternatives for review and independent assessment.

The disclosed architecture is intended to supplement existing payment and cryptographic security mechanisms. It does not replace financial regulations, card-network rules, blockchain consensus, clearing procedures, or legally defined settlement finality.

Patent rights, if any, and their scope are governed by the applicable patent applications, granted claims, and relevant law. Publication of technical information does not itself establish patent grant, validity, infringement, or standards-essential status.

Principal technical distinction: Authentication establishes the identity or credentials associated with a payment request. Execution-time transaction verification separately establishes whether the exact financial operation about to become effective remains within the authorization actually granted.

Author: Sangam Kumar Das Affiliation: Independent Inventor and Researcher, India Indian Patent Application No.: 202631130246 International PCT Filing for This Application: Awaiting filing; international application number not yet assigned Principal Earlier International Patent Disclosure (Mothership): PCT/IB2026/055615 — WO 2026/150382 A2

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License

Download

Share

COinS